課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 一位好客的服務(wù)員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄�語。

（1）雖然friendly是以-ly結(jié)尾，在拼法上與許多副詞一樣，但它卻是形容詞：

He always greets me in a friendly way.

他總是親切地和我打招呼。

She gave me a friendly greeting.

她友好地和我打了一下招呼。

He is not very friendly to John.

他對約翰不太友善。

類似的形容詞有： brotherly, fatherly, manly, lovely, motherly 等。

（2）a few可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some, a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè)）的意思：

The police would like to ask him a few questions.

警察要問他一些問題。

Mother is coming in a few days.

媽媽過幾天就要來了。

2．Then he lent me a book. 之后還借給我一本書。

像send, buy, give等動(dòng)詞一樣，lend可以有兩個(gè)賓語：一個(gè)直接賓語（通常指物），一個(gè)間接賓語（通常指人）。（cf. 本課語法）在這句話中，lend的直接賓語為a book，間接賓語為me。

Would you lend me your pen?

能把你的筆借我用一下嗎？

Yesterday I lent my dictionary to Mary.

昨天我把字典借給了瑪麗。

3．…but I did not understand a word.……但一個(gè)字也不懂。not…a的否定意義比單用not要強(qiáng)。課文的最后一句加了single”，語氣更強(qiáng)。

4．Every day I thought about postcards. 我每天都想著明信片的事。

think about可以指某一段時(shí)間一直在想／考慮某事：

I often think about the lovely holiday we had last year.

我經(jīng)常回想我們?nèi)ツ甓冗^的愉快的假期。

What are you thinking about?

你在想什么？

I'm thinking about my friends.

我在想我的朋友們。

5．make a big decision, 作出一項(xiàng)重大決定。

make/take a decision, 作出決定。這是個(gè)常用的詞語搭配，可以靈活使用：

It was not easy for me to make/ take this decision.

對我來說作出這項(xiàng)決定并不容易。

You have made/taken a wrong decision.

你作出了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的決定。

Have you made/taken a decision?

你決定了嗎？

6．I spent the whole day in my room…我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天……

（1）spend與表示時(shí)間的詞／短語連用時(shí)，意思為“花（時(shí)間）”、“度過”：

We're going to spend three days in the country.

我們打算到鄉(xiāng)下去3天。

spend還可以表示“花錢”：

If we spend all the money, we'll be poor again.

如果我們把所有的錢都花光了，我們又會(huì)變窮的。

I can't spend any more on this car.

我不能再為這車花錢了。

（2）whole表示“整整的”、“整個(gè)的”：

a whole year一整年

a whole bottle of milk一整瓶牛奶

two whole weeks整整兩星期

語法 Grammar in use

1．一般過去時(shí) (The simple past tense) 與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

上一課的語法提到一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。在用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)詢問有關(guān)習(xí)慣的問題時(shí)可用ever。

一般過去時(shí)通常表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。因此，過去時(shí)與表明事情何時(shí)發(fā)生的狀語連用是非常重要的。

像last summer, last winter, last week, last night等這類狀語只能與過去時(shí)連用，不能與現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，因?yàn)樗鼈兇_指過去的時(shí)間。

2．直接賓語 (Direct object) 與間接賓語 ( Indiret object)

許多及物動(dòng)詞后可以有兩個(gè)賓語，直接賓語通常是動(dòng)作所涉及的事物，間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，通常是人。這類動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, show, send, bring, lend, tell, return, write, pay, teach, make, buy, find等。通常間接賓語在前，緊跟動(dòng)詞；不過，如想要強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語，也可將它置于動(dòng)詞之后、間接賓語之前。這時(shí)，間接賓語之前則必須用介詞to或for：

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．spoil vt.

（1）弄壞，損壞，糟蹋：

The sad news spoiled our weekend.

這不幸的消息使我們沒能過好周末。

The rain spoiled the school sports.

這場雨把學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)弄得一團(tuán)糟。

（2）寵壞，慣壞，溺愛：

Julie loves her son too much. She has spoiled him.

朱莉太愛她的兒子了。她把他慣壞了。

Don't spoil your children.

不能太慣孩子。

2．public

（1）adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的：

There is a public library in this town.

這鎮(zhèn)上有一個(gè)公共圖書館。

I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.

星期天我經(jīng)常去公園坐坐。

（2）adj. 公開的，眾人皆知的：

Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.

他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開。

（3）n.公眾，群眾，大眾：

The public is/ are pleased with his explanation.

公眾對他的解釋很滿意。

The museum is open to the public on Sunday.

這家博物館星期天對公眾開放。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

A went (1.1)；visited (1.2) ；sat(1.2) ；taught(1.2)；lent；read(1.3) ；did not understand；thought (1.4)；passed (1.5) ；did not send(1.5) ；made； go up (1.6) ；bought (1.7) ；spent(1.7) ；did not write(1.8)C …Roy died last year…left me…spent a lot of money…bought one or two…never went to the cinema…stayed at home…listened to music…often lent CDs…they kept them…lost many CDs…

2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

1 He paid some money to the shopkeeper.

2 He handed the prize to me.

3 The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.

4 He sold me all his books.

5 The shop assistant found me some curtain material.

6 He did a big favour for me.

7 She showed her new hat to her husband.

8 She promised the finder a reward.

9 He gave some advice to his son.

10 His uncle left some money to/ for him.

11 He is teaching us English.

12 I bought you this bunch of flowers.

13 Bring me that book please.

14 He offered a cigarette to me.

15 Read the first paragraph to me.

16 I've ordered you some soup.

17 I owe a lot of money to him.

18 Pass your father the mustard.

3．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1c  2a  3c  4a  5d  6b

7c  8c  9b  10a  11b  12b