課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. （他）正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過(guò)澳大利亞的不少地方了。

（1） work for指“在……上班／任職”：

表達(dá)“上班”這個(gè)意思時(shí)還可以說(shuō)work at：

She works at a department store.

她在一家百貨商店上班。

（2）a number of只能接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。通常，number前有g(shù)reat, large, good, small, certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變：

A large/ great number of our students are Danish.

我們的學(xué)生中有許多是丹麥人。

There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.

你的家庭作業(yè)里有少數(shù)幾個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。

2．He will soon visit Darwin. 他不久還將到達(dá)爾文去。

will 表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事。這句話的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。（cf. 第12課語(yǔ)法）下一句話From there, he will fly to Perth也是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

3．My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前從未出過(guò)國(guó)，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動(dòng)人心。

（1）這句話由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句組成，后一句由連詞so引導(dǎo)，為表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。

（2）find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺”講時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（一般為形容詞），說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)等：

I find the film very interesting.

我覺得這電影很有趣。

She found Ton's room very dirty.

她發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆的房間非常臟。

She has already found herself wrong.

她已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己錯(cuò)了。

需要注重的是，find一詞很少用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)、完成時(shí)及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間概念有時(shí)是不確定的。（cf. 第1冊(cè)第83～88課）我們所關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確表示過(guò)去的副詞（如ago, yesterday等）連用。經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前為止）；up to now （直到現(xiàn)在）；just（剛剛）；already（已經(jīng)）；lately（最近）；now（現(xiàn)在）；疑問(wèn)句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常用于表示在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的情況，因此往往不需要和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。試比較：

2．同位語(yǔ) (Appositives)

一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)等）與另一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)）并列而作為其說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開。課文中有兩句話含有同位語(yǔ)：

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來(lái)信。（Tim是my brother的同位語(yǔ)。它們指的是同一個(gè)人。Tim用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明my brother的名字）

He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這是個(gè)多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方）

在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語(yǔ)中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開。請(qǐng)參閱課文中兩個(gè)句子的譯文。同位語(yǔ)假如太長(zhǎng)，可以另譯為一句。如課文中第二個(gè)例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現(xiàn)在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。”

同位語(yǔ)的其他例子如：

This is John, one of my best friends.

這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.

我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒有出過(guò)國(guó)。

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．receive vt.

（1）接到，收到，得到：

When did you receive that letter?

你什么時(shí)候收到那封信的？

Susan received a gift/card this morning.

今天上午蘇珊收到了一份禮物／一張卡。

receive是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與不接受并不清楚。take則是主動(dòng)地“拿”、“取”：

He told me to take the keys from his pocket.

他讓我從他口袋里把鑰匙拿出來(lái)。

I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.

我叔叔給了我一枝漂亮的鋼筆。昨天我弟弟把筆拿走了。

（2）招待，接待：

You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.

假如你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個(gè)大房間。

We usually receive guests on Saturday.

我們通常星期六招待賓客。

2．different adj. (名詞為difference)

（1）不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與from連用）：

Desks are different from tables.

書桌與桌子不一樣。

My room is different form yours.

我的房間與你的不同。

We are planning something different this year.

我們今年有不同的打算。

（2）各種各樣的，不同的：

He has visited many different places in China.

他去過(guò)中國(guó)的不少地方。

This department store sells a large number of different things.

這家百貨商店新概念許多各種各樣的東西。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習(xí)答案

A 1 I have just had breakfast.

2 He has been in prison for six months.

3 The police have not caught the thief yet.

4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already).

5 Have you ever been to Switzerland?

6 I have never been to Switzerland.

7 He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far .

8 I haven't seen George lately .

C 1 He has just left the house .

2 He has just had breakfast .

3 She has just written a letter .

4 My sister has just turned on the radio .

5 My mother has just made the bed .

6 She has just bought a new hat.

D 1 He hasn't washed the dishes yet .

2 She hasn't made the beds yet .

3 He hasn't combed his hair yet .

4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet .

5 We haven't read ‘ Macbeth’yet .

E 1 Have you seen the new play at ‘The Globe’yet ?

2 Have you taken your holidays yet ?

3 Have you read this book yet ?

4 Have you done your homework yet ?

5 Have you finished your work yet ?

2 ．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take

3．
多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1d 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a

7c 8b 9c 10a 11c 12c