課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. 我剛剛搬進了大橋街的一所房子。

move常用的意義是“動”、“移動”。在這句話里它的意思是“搬家”、“遷移”，為不及物動詞。在表達“搬家”這個意思時move可以單獨使用，也可以組成短語move to, move into, move in, move out等：

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.

杰克已經搬走了。約翰后天搬進來。

2．He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. （他問）我要一頓飯和一杯啤酒。

在表示請求時，可以用ask＋sb. ＋for＋sth.,也可以直接用ask for:

Don't always ask others for help.

別總向他人求助。

He never asks his parents for money.

他從來不向父母要錢。

3．in return for this, 作為報答，作為交換。

in return可以單獨使用，也可以加介詞for說明原因：

You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I'll show you some picture books.

你上個月把這本有趣的書借給了我。作為報答，我將給你看一些畫冊。

In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.

你幫了我的忙。作為回報，我邀請你與我的家人一起過這個周末。

4．Later a neighbour told me about him. 后來，一位鄰居告訴了我他的情況。

介詞about可以和一些動詞連用，以表示“關于……（的）”、“涉及……（的）”：

Please tell me about the accident.

請告訴我這次事故的一些情況。

He spoke to me about his dog.

他和我講了講他的狗。

I have read about him.

關于他的情況我曾經讀到過。

5．once a month, 每月一次。

once表示頻率時后面直接加表示時間的名詞：

Jane wrote to her parents once a week.

簡每星期給父母寫封信。

He goes back to the South once a year.

他每年回一次南方。

The postman calls once a day.

郵遞員天天來一次。

語法 Grammar in use

1．a, the與some的用法

當表示不確定的某個人或東西時，用不定冠詞a/an:

He bought a book this afternoon.

今天下午他買了本書。

There is a man in front of your car.

你的汽車前面有一個男人。

當表示不可數(shù)的名詞時，則需要由不定冠詞加量詞組成詞組：

A cup of coffee, please.

請給我來一杯咖啡。

I need a sheet of paper.

我需要一張紙。

當表示一類事物的性質、狀態(tài)時，可以用下列方法表示：

A tiger is a dangerous animal.

老虎是一種危險的動物。

Tigers are dangerous.

老虎是危險的。

Salt is necessary for/ to us all.

我們大家都需要鹽。

some用于表示不確定的某些人或東西，可數(shù)和不可數(shù)都可以：

He put some books on the desk.

他把一些書放在了桌上。

Some students are absent today.

今天有些學生缺席了。

I like to put some sugar in the soup.

我喜歡在湯里加些糖。

假如指某個確定的人或事物或者上文已提到過的人或事物，則要用定冠詞the（有時相當于this/ that）:

The man has just left.

那人剛走。

Do you still want the ticket?

你還想要這張票嗎？

Yesterday I saw a beautiful skirt in a shop. But the skirt was too expensive.

昨天我在商店看見一條漂亮的裙子。但是那裙子太貴了。

在姓名、地名、國名（非復合詞）以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠詞：

Tom is in Germany now. He studies physics in Berlin. He has a house in Bridge Street.

湯姆現(xiàn)在在德國。他在柏林學習物理學。在大橋街他有一所房子。

April is a pleasant month.

4月氣候宜人。

He has classes on Monday.

他星期一有課。

冠詞的用法比較復雜，需慢慢積累。

2．短語動詞 (Phrasal verbs)

許多動詞加上介詞或副詞后就會改變詞義，因此需要記住整個短語，并根據(jù)上下文的意義判定動詞在句子中的意思。常見的短語動詞有： put on（穿上，戴上）， take off（脫掉，摘掉）， look for （尋找），look after（照顧，照料）：

Don't put the cup on the table!

別把杯子放在桌上！

It is cold outside. Put on your coat.

今天外面冷。穿上外衣。

Someone has taken my pen.

有人把我的鋼筆拿走了。

Take off your wet shoes, please.

請把你的濕鞋子脫掉。

She looked at the picture carefully.

她仔細地看著那幅畫。

What are you looking for?

你在找什么？

She looked after the sick baby for three days.

她照顧了那個病孩子3天。

詞匯學習 Word study

1．knock

（1）vi. 敲門：

Someone is knocking at the door.

有人在敲門。

I knocked, but no one answered.

我敲了敲門，但是沒人答應。

（2）vt., vi. 碰撞：

You always knock things off the table. 你總是碰掉桌上的東西。

Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning.

今天上午吉姆被一輛公共汽車撞倒了。

She has knocked a cup over again.

她又碰倒了一個杯子。

（3）vt. 把（某人）打成……狀態(tài)：

Bob is very strong. He knocked Tom out yesterday.

鮑勃很強壯，他昨天把湯姆打昏過去了。

（4）與off連用時有一些非凡的含義。一般用于口語。

A vt.（價格上）減去，除去，打折扣：

They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.

他們把這件上衣的價格降低了5美元。

B vi. 下班，停止，中斷（工作等）：

When do you usually knock off?

你一般什么時候下班？

He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven.

他11點半休息吃中午飯。

2．call

（1）vt., vi. 叫，喊：

I heard someone calling.

我聽見有人在喊叫。

（2）vt. 呼喚，召喚：

Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.

露西病了。請去叫個醫(yī)生來。

（3）vi. 訪問，拜訪；（車、船等）停靠：

Amy called(at our house) yesterday.

艾米昨天來（我們家）了。

I have just called on Mr. Frith.

我剛剛去看望過弗里斯先生。

The train calls at large stations only.

這列火車只停大站。

練習答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習答案

A Some meat, a desk, some tobacco, a tin of beans, a comb, acity, a/ some cloth, some oil, a bottle of beer, a day, a word, a student, some sugar, some rain, an orange, a/ some rubber

D (sample answers)

1 I found an old coin in the garden.

2 I put some sugar in my tea.

3 I cut some wood for a/ the fire.

4 I bought a newspaper yesterday.

5 I made some coffee.

6 I like the curtains in this room.

2．難點練習答案

A 1 out 2 over 3 off 4 at

B 1 knocked him out

2 knock off

3 knocked 20% off the price

3．多項選擇題答案

1 d 2 a 3 c 4 d 5 d 6 a

7 d 8 a 9 b 10 a 11d 12 a