六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類

　　1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

　　There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

　　2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.

　　He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

　　He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .

　　3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.

　　如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.

　　Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

　　Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

　　Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

　　Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)

　　Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).

　　Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

　　Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,

　　①把動詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可.

　　②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可.

　　這三個助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的.

　　4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:

　　What is this It's a computer.

　　What does he do He's a doctor.

　　Where are you going I'm going to Beijing.

　　Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike.

　　Which season do you like best Summer.

　　When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30.

　　Whose skirt is this It's Amy's.

　　Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees.

　　How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy.

　　How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train.

　　☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

　　例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils.

　　How many girls can you see I can see four girls.

　　How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.

　　☆小結(jié):how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種句式搭配,

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have 你有多少……

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see 你能看見多少……

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there… 有多少……